cutting fluid
Cutting fluid
cutting fluid (coolant) is a kind of industrial liquid used to cool and lubricate the cutting tool and workpiece in the process of metal cutting and grinding processing. Cutting fluid is made of a variety of super functional additives by scientific combination. At the same time with good cooling performance, lubrication performance, rust resistance, oil removal cleaning function, anti-corrosion function, easy dilution characteristics. It overcomes the traditional soap emulsion which is easy to smell in summer, difficult to dilute in winter and has poor rust prevention effect. It also has no adverse effect on lathe paint. It is suitable for cutting and grinding of black metal and is the most advanced grinding product at present. Cutting fluid indicators are better than saponified oil, it has good cooling, cleaning, rust prevention and other characteristics, and has non-toxic, tasteless, no erosion to the human body, no corrosion to equipment, no pollution to the environment and so on.
history
The use of cutting fluid dates back to ancient times. When people were grinding stone tools, copper and iron, they knew that watering could improve efficiency and quality. Olive oil was used to turn castings of piston pumps in ancient Roman times, and tallow and aqueous solvents were used to polish metal armor in the 16th century. From 1775, British John Wilkinson (J. Wilkinson) in order to process the cylinder of Watt steam engine and successfully developed boring machine, accompanied by the application of water and oil in metal cutting. After a long development in 1860, various machine tools such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, gear machining and thread machining appeared successively, which also marked the beginning of large-scale application of cutting fluid.
Cutting fluid
In the 1880s, American scientists have carried out the first evaluation of cutting fluid. F. W. Taylor discovered and explained the phenomenon and mechanism that cutting speed can be increased by 30% ~ 40% by supplying sodium carbonate aqueous solution with pump. In view of the tool material used at that time is carbon tool steel, the main function of cutting fluid is cooling, so put forward the word "coolant". From then on, people called cutting fluid cooling lubrication.
With the improvement of people's understanding of cutting fluid and the enrichment of practical experience, it is found that a good machining surface can be obtained by injecting oil into the cutting area. At the earliest, people used animal and plant oil as cutting fluid, but animal and plant oil is easy to deteriorate, short use cycle. In the early 20th century, people began to extract lubricating oil from crude oil, and invented various excellent lubricating additives. After the First World War, the research and use of composite oils from mineral and animal oils began. In 1924, cutting oils containing sulfur and chlorine were patented and used in heavy cutting, broaching, threading and gear machining.
The development of tool materials promoted the development of cutting fluid. In 1898, high speed steel was invented, and the cutting speed was increased by 2 ~ 4 times. In 1927 Germany first developed hard alloy, cutting speed than high speed steel and increased 2 ~ 5 times. With the continuous improvement of cutting temperature, the cooling performance of oil base cutting fluid can not fully meet the cutting requirements, then people begin to pay attention to the advantages of water base cutting fluid. Oil-in-water emulsion was produced in 1915 and became the preferred cutting fluid for heavy cutting in 1920. In 1945, the first oil-free synthetic cutting fluid was developed in the United States, and the world's first synthetic metal cutting fluid was successfully developed by Cimcool Cincinnati Milling Company (later renamed Cincinnati - Milacron), and marked with its unique pink color, CIMCOOL was revolutionary. At its creation in 1945, cutting fluids were available only in pure oil and milk-like emulsions. As CIMCOOL is a water-based product, its cooling performance is twice that of pure oil. Unlike oil, CIMcool has no smoke and no fire hazard, and the parts are clean after processing. Similar to emulsions, CIMCOOL maintains excellent cooling properties and lubricity is developed with the help of unique chemosynthetic lubricants, allowing for higher cutting speeds and improved tool life. CIMCOOL shows high resistance to bacterial attack and its transparency is acceptable to industry. CIMCOOL is a significant step forward in the field of metal working fluids technology, which has been driven by other companies moving to chemical metal working fluids. With the development of advanced manufacturing technology and the strengthening of people's awareness of environmental protection, new requirements are put forward for cutting fluid technology, which will promote the development of cutting fluid technology to a higher field.